![]() ![]() What they think ‘neatly ordered’ and ‘randomly organised’ mean.Particles not close together and randomly organised.Particles close to one another and randomly organised.Particles close to one another and neatly ordered. #Periodic table simple states solid liquid gas full#Give each pair a full set of ’Particle cards’, and ask them to sort the cards into three heaps: Share the objectives with the students and explain that they will look at modelling to describe gases, liquids and solids, and to explain differences in their properties.Īrrange students to work in pairs.Ensure that the words gas, liquid and solid are used and understood.Invite students to describe what they see.As an option, use some demonstrations to show change of state (see ‘Examples of change of state’ sheet).Display four to five samples of a solid, four to five samples of a liquid, and four to five samples of a gas (ideally two should be coloured, eg chlorine or bromine).Sequence of activities Introduction and demonstration The difference between solids, liquids and gases can be explained using the particle model.Substances are made up of tiny particles.Explore the use of models to describe gases, liquids and solids.Reinforce their understanding of the terms gas, liquid and solid.The activity provides an opportunity for students to: They interpret diagrams on cards showing representations of particles and may observe a teacher demonstration. Students think about gases, liquids and solids in terms of the particle model. RSC Yusuf Hamied Inspirational Science Programme.Introductory maths for higher education.The physics of restoration and conservation.Heat gained is always equal to heat lost. Heat flows from matter having higher temperature to matter having low temperature until they have equal temperatures. When two matters having different temperatures are in contact, there is a heat transfer between them. Q total=Q 1+Q 2=8000cal+4000cal=12000cal.Įxample: If we mix two waters having mass 150 g and temperature 40 0C and 100g and 80 0C, find final temperature of mixtures.(c water=1cal/g. Now we increase temperature from 0 to 40 0C We melt ice first, then heat it to 40 0C. We solve some examples related to phase change.Įxample: Find heat required to increase temperature of 100 g ice from 0C to 40 0C.(c water=1cal/g 0C, L fusion=80cal/g) We use same formulas given above to find heat released by matter during this process. time graph as given below.Īs you can see in both of the graphs boiling point becomes condensation point and melting point becomes freezing point in cooling process. Losing heat of matter in gas phase has temperature vs. Where, m is mass, L fusion is latent heat of fusion and L vaporization is latent heat of vaporization. We find heat required in these intervals with following formulas we have solid+liquid mixture and in interval IV. In these intervals, we have heterogeneous mixtures, for example in interval II. On the contrary, during phase change, distances between molecules increase, thus potential energy of matter also increases. ![]() Since temperature of matter is constant, kinetic energy of it is also constant. temperature of matter stays constant because matter is changing phase. Where m is mass, c is specific heat capacity and ΔT is change in the temperature (T final-T initial) We can find heat gained in these intervals with following formula Since matter is pure, kinetic energy of it also increases. time graph of heated pure solid substance is given below. Gas molecules lose heat and change its phase to liquid.ĭuring phase change, temperature of matters stay constant. Liquid matter loses heat and changes its state to solid.īoiling: Liquid matters gain heat and change their states to gas.Ĭondensation: Opposite process of boiling is called condensation. Melting: Solid matter changes its state to liquid.įreezing: Opposite process of melting is called freezing. Definitions of some concepts related to phase change are given below. For same matter kinetic energy of particles in gas phase is larger than the kinetic energies in solid and liquid states. Gaining heat in three phases of matter increase average kinetic energies of particles. Shape given below summarize the phase changes of matters from solid to liquid, liquid to gas. In this unit we will examine solids, liquids and gases. Some specific properties of these phases are given in the table below. ![]() Matters can exist in four states solid, liquid, gas and plasma. ![]()
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